Software and operating systems.
The operating system is the manager that runs your device: Windows, Android, iOS, macOS, Linux. Today you'll understand what it does, the different types of software, and how to install and update apps safely.
What the operating system does
| Job | Example |
|---|---|
| Starts the device | The Windows or Android logo at startup |
| Runs apps | Opens WhatsApp, Chrome, Excel |
| Manages files | File Explorer, Files app |
| Controls hardware | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, printer |
| Manages users and security | Passwords, fingerprints, permissions |
| Updates and fixes | Security updates and new features |
The main operating systems
| OS | Made by | Found on |
|---|---|---|
| Windows | Microsoft | Most office and home laptops |
| macOS | Apple | MacBooks and iMacs |
| Android | Google (and phone makers) | Most phones in India |
| iOS | Apple | iPhones |
| Linux | Open-source community | Servers, developers, Android's foundation |
| ChromeOS | Chromebooks |
Types of software
Install and update safely
- Install apps only from official stores (Play Store, App Store, Microsoft Store) or the official website of the software.
- Avoid "cracked" or "free full version" downloads: they're a common way malware spreads.
- Keep the OS and apps updated: updates fix security holes.
- Uninstall apps you no longer use.
Don't need paid software? Use free legal options: LibreOffice or Google Docs/Sheets instead of paid Office, GIMP or Canva for images, VLC for video, DaVinci Resolve (free version) for editing.
Which is the safest way to get Microsoft Word?
Official sources or free legal alternatives keep you safe from malware.
What is a driver?
Drivers connect the OS to devices.
Your task (15 min)
Check for updates: Windows (Settings → Windows Update) and your phone (Settings → System/Software update). Install pending updates. Then uninstall 3 apps you haven't used in 3 months.
Lesson 3 complete!
You know what an operating system does, the main OS families, types of software, and safe installation habits. Next: files, folders and file types.
Next: Files, folders and file types →